Joachim Fest

A summary of what happened in Berlin in April/May 1945, centered on Hitler.

Adolf Hitler unleashed a nightmare of terror in Europe that changed the course of history and forever altered our conception of human nature. But how is it possible to understand Hitler? Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet begins to answer that question by providing the first analysis of Hitler's life by a trained MD and practicing psychiatrist. Fritz Redlich, M.D., provides a full-length biography of Hitler, focusing especially on his medical and mental history and showing us precisely how Hitler's physical and mental health influenced his beliefs and behavior.

Already hailed as one of the best books on Hitler's Germany, these brief and brilliantly conveived portraits of the leading Nazi figures (Hitler, Goebbels, Goring, Bormann, Hess, etc.) give a fresh insight into the personalities and the manner in which they approached life in the Third Reich. Seen though their relationship to each other and to Hitler, the Party, and the bureaucracy around them, their lives emerge here in high relief, characterized by third-rate minds, petty rivalries, in-fighting, and ambitions. Even the longer portrait of Hitler here shows not a man possessed by a demon, or a fiendish intellect who blitzed his way to the top, but a man tortured with a sense of failure from his lower-class background, a deep disappointment in school, friendship, and other normal accomplishments, plagued continuously with anger, frustration, and dis-satisfaction. Among these leaders some fought to pass by others, some worked to discredit others (for instance, by spreading a rumor that Heydrich had Jewish ancestors): all spent most of their time maintaining their political and social position at the expense of first-rate leadership, although their slavish and mindless support of propaganda is evidence of their vulgar capabilities. In addition to the individual portraits, there are a few "group" portraits of women, youth, etc., which round out this fascinating and absorbing picture of those who led the world into its great holocaust.

"In his best-selling autobiography, Albert Speer, Minister of Armaments and chief architect of Nazi Germany, repeatedly insisted he knew nothing of the genocidal crimes of Hitler's Third Reich. In this revealing new biography, author Martin Kitchen disputes Speer's lifelong assertions of ignorance and innocence, portraying a far darker figure who was deeply implicated in the appalling crimes committed by the regime he served so well. Kitchen reconstructs Speer's life with what we now know, including information from valuable new sources that have come to light only in recent years, challenging the portrait presented by earlier biographers and by Speer himself of a cultured technocrat devoted to his country while completely uninvolved in Nazi politics and crimes. The result is the first truly serious accounting of the man, his beliefs, and his actions during one of the darkest epochs in modern history, not only countering Speer's claims of non-culpability but also disputing the commonly held misconception that it was his unique genius alone that kept the German military armed and fighting long after its defeat was inevitable"--

Memoirs.

Gitta Sereny first saw Albert Speer on trial at Nuremberg. Over the last years of his life she came to know him - through hundreds of hours of conversations - as no other biographer has known a Nazi leader. She interviewed as well the people around him - the celebrated, the notorious and the ordinary. Speer gave Sereny, for her use, a number of unpublished manuscripts, and after his death she obtained access to many of his papers. Out of her probings a huge, and hugely alive, portrait emerges. Sereny takes us through the emotional desert of Speer's childhood and marriage, through his embrace (basically, she demonstrates, for nonideological reasons) of the Nazi Party and his service as Minister of Armaments and Munitions, during which his brutal use of slave labor extended a lost war. She superbly portrays the circles in which Speer functioned: the ambivalent General Staff and the infinitely peculiar and nightmarish upper echelons of Nazism. We see Speer accused of war crimes at Nuremberg, and during his twenty years in Spandau prison, struggling to accept individual responsibility for his actions. Throughout, in person or in memory, Hitler is startlingly present, his friendship with Speer bordering on love. Sereny shows us Speer as inveterate schemer, as spectacular planner and maneuverer. We see him also as unique among Hitler's men in the integrity of his battle with conscience. His progress from moral blindness through moral self-education to a torturous coming-to-terms with his own acts - this is the elemental matter at the heart of a book that stunningly illuminates the man, the war, the Third Reich, the Nazi mind and the complex comingling, in one person or society, of good and evil.