Adam Watson

Nation states are not as independent as they seem. In The Limits of Independence, Adam Watson explores independence in Europe and globally, particularly in relation to empire and decolonization. The author examines how freedom of action is limited by a tightening net of interdependence and by the rules which the international society puts in place, but also by the hegemonial authority of the strongest powers. Drawing on his personal experience as a diplomat, Watson explains how these three forms of pressure determine the external and internal behaviour of juridically independent states. He argues that this creates an increasingly supranational framework of restraint that limits the sovereignty of even the most powerful states. The Limits of Independence examines the effects of supranational pressures on Europe, on former colonies, on human rights and on the responsibilities of states. It relates the growing curbs on independence to current hegemonial practice and to international theory.

In this uniquely comprehensive historical study, Adam Watson draws on a lifetime of research and diplomatic experience to explain how international societies function. He examines the systems of ancient states, from Sumer through India, China, Greece, Rome, and Islam, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the worldwide contemporary society which developed from them. The Evolution of International Society describes and compares the changing rules and practices of ancient systems, showing their development within a spectrum ranging from loose international societies of many independent states ordered by some degree of hegemony, to tighter imperial systems tempered by some measure of autonomy. The book demonstrates in convincing detail that political entities have usually co-existed, not in an anarchic state of nature, but organized by agreed rules and practices that derive substantially from past experience. The author also shows that our present international society, although distinct, is only the latest in a series. Lucidly and straightforwardly written, with a strong emphasis on practice, the book makes a major contribution to international theory and to our understanding of international relations.

239 p. ; 24 cm