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KINGDOM OF ENGLAND AUTHOR · EARLY WORKS TO 1800 · HISTORY

Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle

Also known as: Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, Margaret (Lucas ) Cavendish Newcastle

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Colchester, Kingdom of England
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If you wonder, that I join a work of fancy to my serious philosophical contemplations; think not that it is out of a disparagement to philosophy; or out of an opinion, as if this noble study were but a fiction of the mind; for though philosophers may err in searching and enquiring after the causes of natural effects, and many times embrace falsehoods for truths; yet this doth not prove, that the ground of philosophy is merely fiction, but the error proceeds from the different motions of reason, which cause different opinions in different parts, and in some are more irregular than in others; for reason being dividable, because material, cannot move in all parts alike; and since there is but one truth in nature, all those that hit not this truth, do err, some more, some less; for though some may come nearer the mark than others, which makes their opinions seem more probable and rational than others, yet as long as they swerve from this only truth, they are in the wrong: nevertheless, all do ground their opinions upon

— from Margaret Cavendish

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Margaret Cavendish

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Observations upon experimental philosophy

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Margaret Cavendish's 1668 edition of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy, presented here in its first modern edition, holds a unique position in early modern philosophy. Cavendish rejects the Aristotelianism that was taught in the universities in the seventeenth century, and the picture of nature as a grand machine which was propounded by Hobbes, Descartes, and members of the Royal Society of London, such as Boyle. She also rejects the views of nature that make reference to immaterial spirits. Instead she develops an original system of organicist materialism, and draws on the doctrines of ancient Stoicism to attack the tenets of seventeenth-century mechanical philosophy. Her treatise is a document of major importance in the history of women's contributions to philosophy and science.

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Sociable letters, 1664

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