WIDER studies in development economics

By many estimates, the world has recently crossed the point where more than half the global population is urban, a trend driven by rapid urbanization in developing countries. Urban centres offer economies of scale in terms of productive enterprise and public investment. Cities are social melting pots, centres of innovation, and drivers of social change. However, cities are also marked by social differentiation, poverty, conflict, and environmental degradation. These are all issues that not only matter to cities, but also lie at the heart of development. As such, the time is right to consider afresh the relationship between cities and development. This volume presents a significant new collection of multidisciplinary papers focused on urbanization and its implications for development. It raises four questions: What is so special about the urban context? Why is urbanization and urban growth important to development? What are the strengths and limitations of our knowledge of urbanization and development from the policy perspective? How can a multidisciplinary perspective on the urban context add value to development research and policy? Leading scholars in urban economics examine the data and definitions associated with the field, and take an in-depth look at the economic and social consequences of urbanization. Special focus is given to urban violence, and planning and governance issues, and the text is supplemented by case studies that demonstrate the recent effects of urbanization in key countries such as India, Brazil, Tanzania, Lebanon, and South Africa. Jo Beall is Deputy Vice Chancellor of University of Cape Town and Chair of the Executive Committee of the African Centre for Cities at UCT. She is still affiliated with the London School of Economics, where she was Director of the Development Studies Institute, and taught for 18 years. Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis is Professor of Economics at the Indian Institute of Technology (Gandhinagar). Previously, he worked with UNDP (Malawi), UNU-WIDER (Helsinki), ICRIER (New Delhi), EXIM Bank of India (Bangalore), and IGIDR (Mumbai). Ravi Kanbur is T.H. Lee Professor of World Affairs at Cornell University, having previously taught at Oxford, Cambridge, Essex, Princeton, and Warwick. --Book Jacket.

Women, a majority of the world's population, receive only a small proportion of its opportunities and benefits. According to the 1993 UN Human Development Report, there is no country in the world in which women's quality of life is equal to that of men. This examination of women's quality of life thus addresses questions which have a particular urgency. It aims to describe the basic situation of all women and so develops a universal account that can answer the charges of 'Western imperialism' frequently made against such accounts. The contributors confront the issue of cultural relativism, criticizing the relativist approach which, in its desire to respect different cultural traditions, can result in indifference to injustice. An account of gender justice and women's equality is then proposed in various areas in which quality of life is measured. These issues are related throughout to the specific contexts of India, Bangladesh, China, Mexico, and Nigeria through a series of case studies. Disciplines represented include philosophy, economics, political science, anthropology, law, and sociology. . Like its predecessor, The Quality of Life, this volume encourages the reader to think critically about the central fundamental concepts used in development economics and suggests major criticisms of current economic approaches from that fundamental viewpoint.