Anthony W. Lee

"Soon after Alexander Gardner's Photographic Sketch Bookwas published, in 1866, it became the Civil War's best-known visual record and helped define how viewers, then and in subsequent generations, would come to know the war. Gardner's classic also became foundational in the history of American photography, combining, for the first time, words and images in a sophisticated and moving account. This book, written by the art historian Anthony W. Lee and the literary scholar Elizabeth Young, interprets the story of the war as told by Gardner, unraveling his careful choice of words and images and the complicated play between them, and understanding them against the backdrop of the literary and photographic cultures of the American antebellum and Reconstruction eras. This book presents a unique study of a pivotal American historical document, approaching it from the perspective of visual studies as well as American literature and history."

During the 1930s San Francisco's most ambitious public murals were painted by artists on the left. In this study, Anthony Lee shows how these painters, led by Diego Rivera, sought to transform murals into a vehicle for their rejection of the economic and political status quo and their support of labor and radical ideologies, including Communism. In addressing these subjects, the mural painters developed a new imagery, based on the activities of the city's laboring population - its efforts to organize, its protests, its strikes. Painting on the Left relates the development of wall painting to the city's international expositions of 1915 and 1939, the new museums and art schools, corporate patrons and government administrators, and the concerns of immigrants and ethnic groups. It examines how murals became, and the extent to which they remained, "public," and it looks at how mural painters struggled against developments in art and politics that threatened their practice: the growing acceptance of modernist easel painting, the vagaries of New Deal patronage, and a wartime nationalism hostile to radical politics.

"Published just after her untimely death in 1971, this book--whether or not aided by the artist's notoriety--has achieved massive sales for a volume of such uncompromising photographs. Edited by Doon Arbus and Marvin Israel, its titled implies a mere trawl through her best-known images. It is that, but it also a brilliant exposé of American life. ... While it is true that she often photographed those outside society's norms, a more pertinent observation is that if she made 'normals' look like 'freaks', she also made 'freaks' look like 'normals'. Furthermore, her exploration of normalcy was complicated by gender issues. In her aggressive, full frontal 'exploitation' of her subjects, Arbus appropriated an essentially male convention: that of staring. Indeed, it may well be her assumption of this prerogative of masculine domination that has attracted much of the negative comment, compounded by her undercutting of gender stereotypes. She was a great feminist photographer. Her women and girls are invariably strong--like the confident twins [on the cover of the book]--and her men are frequently damaged or uncomfortable in their surroundings."--The Photobook : A History Volume I / Martin Parr and Gerry Badger. London : Phaidon, 2004.