Lecture notes in computer science ;

"One way to advance the science of computational geometry is to make a comprehensive study of fundamental operations that are used in many different algorithms. This monograph attempts such an investigation in the case of two basic predicates: the counterclockwise relation pqr, which states that the circle through points (p, q, r) is traversed counterclockwise when we encounter the points in cyclic order p, q, r, p, ... ; and the incircle relation pqrs, which states that s lies inside that circle if pqr is true, or outside that circle if pqr is false. The author, Donald Knuth, is one of the greatest computer scientists of our time. A few years ago, he and some of his students were looking at amap that pinpointed the locations of about 100 cities. They asked, "Which ofthese cities are neighbors of each other?" They knew intuitively that some pairs of cities were neighbors and some were not; they wanted to find a formal mathematical characterization that would match their intuition. This monograph is the result."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.

Theareaofgraphtransformationoriginatedinthelate1960sunderthename “graph grammars” – the main motivation came from practical considerations concerning pattern recognition and compiler construction. Since then, the list of areas which have interacted with the development of graph transformation has grown impressively. The areas include: software speci?cation and development, VLSI layout schemes, database design, modeling of concurrent systems, m- sively parallel computer architectures, logic programming, computer animation, developmentalbiology,musiccomposition,distributedsystems,speci?cationl- guages, software and web engineering, and visual languages. As a matter of fact, graph transformation is now accepted as a fundamental computation paradigm where computation includes speci?cation, programming, and implementation. Over the last three decades the area of graph transfor- tion has developed at a steady pace into a theoretically attractive research ?eld, important for applications. Thisvolume consistsofpapersselectedfromcontributionsto the Sixth Int- national Workshop on Theory and Applications of Graph Transformation that took place in Paderborn, Germany, November 16-20, 1998. The papers und- went an additional refereeing process which yielded 33 papers presented here (out of 55 papers presented at the workshop). This collection of papers provides a very broad snapshot of the state of the art of the whole ?eld today. They are grouped into nine sections representing most active research areas. Theworkshopwasthe sixth in a seriesof internationalworkshopswhich take place every four years. Previous workshops were called “Graph Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science”. The new name of the Sixth Workshop re?ectsmoreaccuratelythecurrentsituation,whereboththeoryandapplication play an equally central role.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services, IDMS'98, held in Oslo, Norway, in September 1998. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 68 submissions. Also included are seven position statements. The book is divided into topical sections on distributed multimedia applications; platforms for collaborative systems; MPEG; coding for WWW, wireless, and mobile environments; QoS and user aspects; flow control, congestion control, and multimedia streams; multimedia servers, documents, and authoring; and storage servers.

"This volume contains papers selected from the contributions to the 4th International Workshop on Graph Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science. It is intended to provide a rich source of information on the stateof the art and newest trends to researchers active in the area and for scientists who would like to know more about graph grammars. The topics of the papers range from foundations through algorithmic and implemental aspects to various issues that arise in application areas like concurrent computing, functional and logic programming, software engineering, computer graphics, artificial intelligence and biology. The contributing authors are F.-J. Brandenburg, H. Bunke, T.C. Chen, M. Chytil, B. Courcelle, J. Engelfriet, H.G Tler, A. Habel, D. Janssens, C. Lautemann, B. Mayoh, U. Montanari, M. Nagl, F. Parisi-Presicci, A. Paz, P. Prusinkiewics, M.R. Sleep, A. Rosenfeld, J. Winkowski and others."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.

This comprehensive state-of-the-art book is the first devoted to the important and timely issue of evaluating NLP systems. It addresses the whole area of NLP system evaluation, including aims and scope, problems and methodology. The authors provide a wide-ranging and careful analysis of evaluation concepts, reinforced with extensive illustrations; they relate systems to their environments and develop a framework for proper evaluation. The discussion of principles is completed by a detailed review of practice and strategies in the field, covering both systems for specific tasks, like translation, and core language processors. The methodology lessons drawn from the analysis and review are applied in a series of example cases. The book also refers NLP system evaluation to the neighbouring areas of information and speech processing, and addresses issues of tool and data provision for evaluation. A comprehensive bibliography and subject index are included as well as a term glossary. This monograph will be a valuable source of inspiration in research, practice, and teaching.

This volume contains the elaborated and harmonized versions of seven lectures given at the first Advanced Course in Artificial Intelligence, held in Vignieu, France, in July 1985. Most of them were written in tutorial form; the book thus provides an extremely valuable guide to the fundamental aspects of AI. In the first part, Delgrande and Mylopoulos discuss the concept of knowledge and its representation. The second part is devoted to the processing of knowledge. The contribution by Huet shows that both computation and inference or deduction are just different aspects of the same phenomenon. The chapter written by Stickel gives a thorough and knowledgeable introduction to the most important aspects of deduction by some form of resolution. The kind of reasoning that is involved in inductive inference problem solving (or programming) from examples, and in learning, is covered by Biermann. The tutorial by Bibel covers the more important forms of knowledge processing that might play a significant role in common sense reasoning. The third part of the book focuses on logic programming and functional programming. Jorrand presents the language FP2, where term rewriting forms the basis for the semantics of both functional and parallel programming. In the last chapter, Shapiro gives an overview of the current state of concurrent PROLOG.

Nonmonotonic logics were created as an abstraction of some types of common sense reasoning, analogous to the way classical logic serves to formalize ideal reasoning about mathematical objects. These logics are nonmonotonic in the sense that enlarging the set of axioms does not necessarily imply an enlargement of the set of formulas deducible from these axioms. Such situations arise naturally, for example, in the use of information of different degrees of reliability. This book emphasizes basic concepts by outlining connections between different formalisms of nonmonotonic logic, and gives a coherent presentation of recent research results and reasoning techniques. It provides a self-contained state-of-the-art survey of the area addressing researchers in AI lo

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Evolutionary Programming, EP98, held in San Diego, CA, USA, in March 1998. The volume presents 81 revised full papers selected from an overwhelming number of submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on economics, emergence and complex systems; issues and innovations in evolutionary computation; applications; evolution-based approaches to engineering design; examining representations and operators; evolutionary computation theory; evolutionary computation and biological modeling; particle swarm; and combinations of evolutionary and neural computation.

xi, 487 pages : 25 cm

This book is dedicated to Andrzej Ehrenfeucht on the occasion of his 65th birthday. On personal invitation by the volume editors, 22 internationally well-known scientists from mathematical logics and theoretical computer science participated in this project honoring an excellent scientist with excellent papers centered around his scientific work. The 22 invited papers are presented in topical sections on model theory, games and logic, graphs and algorithms, pattern matching and learning, combinatorics of words, algebra of languages, formal language theory, and computational molecular biology.

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the ?rst volume of a new jo- nal, Transactions on Rough Sets. This journal, part of the new journal subline in the Springer-Verlag series Lecture Notes in Computer Science, is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough set related issues, starting from logical and ma- ematical foundations of rough sets, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, data mining, knowledge discovery and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets, theory of evidence, etc. The ?rst, pioneering papers on rough sets, written by the originator of the idea,ProfessorZdzis lawPawlak,werepublishedintheearly1980s.Weareproud to dedicate this volume to our mentor, Professor Zdzis law Pawlak, who kindly enriched this volume with his contribution on philosophical, logical, and mat- matical foundations of roughset theory. In his paper Professor Pawlakshows all over again the underlying ideas of rough set theory as well as its relations with Bayes’ theorem, con?ict analysis, ?ow graphs, decision networks, and decision rules.

This book presents a collection of refereed papers on formal language theory arranged for the occasion of the 50th birthday of Jürgen Dassow, who has made a significant contribution to the areas of regulated rewriting and grammar systems. The volume comprises 33 revised full papers organized in sections on regulated rewriting, cooperating distributed grammar systems, parallel communicating grammar systems, splicing systems, infinite words, and algebraic approaches to languages.

"The research area of graph grammars and graph transformations dates back only two decades. But already methods and results from the area of graph transformation have been applied in many fields of computer science, such as formal language theory, pattern recognition and generation, compiler construction, software engineering, concurrent and distributed systems modelling, and database design and theory. This volume contains 24 selected and revised papers from an international seminar held in Dagstuhl, Germany, in 1993. The papers cover topics in the following areas: foundations of graph grammars and transformations; and applications of graph transformations to concurrent computing, specification and programming, and pattern generation and recognition."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.

"This volume contains selected papers of the International Workshop on "Categorical Methods in Computer Science - with Aspects from Topology" and of the "6th International Data Type Workshop" held in August/September 1988 in Berlin. The 23 papers of this volume are grouped into three parts: Part 1 includes papers on categorical foundations and fundamental concepts from category theory in computer science. Part 2 presents applications of categorical methods to algebraic specification languages and techniques, data types, data bases, programming, and process specifications. Part 3 comprises papers on categorial aspects from topology which mainly concentrate on special adjoint situations like cartesian closeness, Galois connections, reflections, and coreflections which are of growing interest in categorical topology and computer science."--Publisher's website.