The Hellenistic Period

"Following his victory over the Persians in the cavalry battle at the Granikos River in May 334, Alexander proceeded south in Asia Minor and, after his arrival at Ephesos, set about the liberation of the Greek cities (Arrian 1.18.1-2; on Alexander's actions and policy here see A. J. Heisserer, Alexander the Great and the Greeks [Norman, OK, 1980], especially chapter 6)."